Cargo简明教程

cargo help
Rust's package manager

Usage: cargo [+toolchain] [OPTIONS] [COMMAND]
       cargo [+toolchain] [OPTIONS] -Zscript <MANIFEST_RS> [ARGS]...

Options:
  -V, --version             Print version info and exit
      --list                List installed commands
      --explain <CODE>      Provide a detailed explanation of a rustc error message
  -v, --verbose...          Use verbose output (-vv very verbose/build.rs output)
  -q, --quiet               Do not print cargo log messages
      --color <WHEN>        Coloring: auto, always, never
  -C <DIRECTORY>            Change to DIRECTORY before doing anything (nightly-only)
      --locked              Assert that `Cargo.lock` will remain unchanged
      --offline             Run without accessing the network
      --frozen              Equivalent to specifying both --locked and --offline
      --config <KEY=VALUE>  Override a configuration value
  -Z <FLAG>                 Unstable (nightly-only) flags to Cargo, see 'cargo -Z help' for details
  -h, --help                Print help

Commands:
    build, b    Compile the current package
    check, c    Analyze the current package and report errors, but don't build object files
    clean       Remove the target directory
    doc, d      Build this package's and its dependencies' documentation
    new         Create a new cargo package
    init        Create a new cargo package in an existing directory
    add         Add dependencies to a manifest file
    remove      Remove dependencies from a manifest file
    run, r      Run a binary or example of the local package
    test, t     Run the tests
    bench       Run the benchmarks
    update      Update dependencies listed in Cargo.lock
    search      Search registry for crates
    publish     Package and upload this package to the registry
    install     Install a Rust binary
    uninstall   Uninstall a Rust binary
    ...         See all commands with --list

See 'cargo help <command>' for more information on a specific command.

cargo new foo
    Creating binary (application) `foo` package
note: see more `Cargo.toml` keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

tree foo
foo
├── Cargo.toml
└── src
    └── main.rs

2 directories, 2 files

cd foo
cargo run
   Compiling foo v0.1.0
    Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 4.53s
     Running `target/debug/foo`
Hello, world!

cargo new bar --lib
    Creating library `bar` package
note: see more `Cargo.toml` keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

tree bar
bar
├── Cargo.toml
└── src
    └── lib.rs

2 directories, 2 files

cd bar
   Compiling bar v0.1.0
    Finished `test` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 1.69s
     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/bar-7f4163e6e3d09c52)

running 1 test
test tests::it_works ... ok

test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

   Doc-tests bar

running 0 tests

test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

rustup show
Default host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
rustup home:  ~/.rustup

installed targets for active toolchain
--------------------------------------

wasm32-unknown-unknown
x86_64-apple-darwin
x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

active toolchain
----------------

stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (default)
rustc 1.83.0 (90b35a623 2024-11-26)

rustup toolchain list
stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (default)

rustup toolchain install nightly

rustup toolchain list
stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (default)
nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

cargo +nightly test

cargo +nightly version
cargo 1.85.0-nightly (c86f4b3a1 2024-12-24)

cargo version
cargo 1.83.0 (5ffbef321 2024-10-29)

rustup toolchain install 1.82.0

rustup toolchain list
stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (default)
nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
1.82.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

cargo +1.82.0 version
cargo 1.82.0 (8f40fc59f 2024-08-21)

rustup override set 1.82.0
info: override toolchain for 'bar' set to '1.82.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'

cargo version
cargo 1.82.0 (8f40fc59f 2024-08-21)

rustup override unset
cargo version
info: override toolchain for 'bar' removed
cargo 1.83.0 (5ffbef321 2024-10-29)

cargo add rand

[dependencies]
rand = "0.8.5"

[features]
# 定义一个名为webp的feature，该特性不会启用任何其他features。
webp = []

// 这会有条件地包含一个实现webp支持的模块。即根据feature进行条件编译
#[cfg(feature = "webp")]
pub mod webp;

[features]
bmp = []
png = []
ico = ["bmp", "png"]
webp = []

cargo build --features "bmp png"

[features]
default = ["ico", "webp"]
bmp = []
png = []
ico = ["bmp", "png"]
webp = []

[dependencies]
gif = { version = "0.11.1", optional = true }

[features]
gif = ["dep:gif"]

[dependencies]
ravif = { version = "0.6.3", optional = true }
rgb = { version = "0.8.25", optional = true }

[features]
avif = ["dep:ravif", "dep:rgb"]

[dependencies]
# 为serde启用derive特性
serde = { version = "1.0.118", features = ["derive"] }

[dependencies]
flate2 = { version = "1.0.3", default-features = false, features = ["zlib"] }

[dependencies]
jpeg-decoder = { version = "0.1.20", default-features = false }

[features]
# Enables parallel processing support by enabling the "rayon" feature of jpeg-decoder.
parallel = ["jpeg-decoder/rayon"]

[dependencies]
serde = { version = "1.0.133", optional = true }
rgb = { version = "0.8.25", optional = true }

[features]
serde = ["dep:serde", "rgb?/serde"]

// Example custom build script.
fn main() {
    // Tell Cargo that if the given file changes, to rerun this build script.
    println!("cargo::rerun-if-changed=src/hello.c");
    // Use the `cc` crate to build a C file and statically link it.
    cc::Build::new()
        .file("src/hello.c")
        .compile("hello");
}