Cargo简明教程

 1cargo help
 2Rust's package manager
 3
 4Usage: cargo [+toolchain] [OPTIONS] [COMMAND]
 5       cargo [+toolchain] [OPTIONS] -Zscript <MANIFEST_RS> [ARGS]...
 6
 7Options:
 8  -V, --version             Print version info and exit
 9      --list                List installed commands
10      --explain <CODE>      Provide a detailed explanation of a rustc error message
11  -v, --verbose...          Use verbose output (-vv very verbose/build.rs output)
12  -q, --quiet               Do not print cargo log messages
13      --color <WHEN>        Coloring: auto, always, never
14  -C <DIRECTORY>            Change to DIRECTORY before doing anything (nightly-only)
15      --locked              Assert that `Cargo.lock` will remain unchanged
16      --offline             Run without accessing the network
17      --frozen              Equivalent to specifying both --locked and --offline
18      --config <KEY=VALUE>  Override a configuration value
19  -Z <FLAG>                 Unstable (nightly-only) flags to Cargo, see 'cargo -Z help' for details
20  -h, --help                Print help
21
22Commands:
23    build, b    Compile the current package
24    check, c    Analyze the current package and report errors, but don't build object files
25    clean       Remove the target directory
26    doc, d      Build this package's and its dependencies' documentation
27    new         Create a new cargo package
28    init        Create a new cargo package in an existing directory
29    add         Add dependencies to a manifest file
30    remove      Remove dependencies from a manifest file
31    run, r      Run a binary or example of the local package
32    test, t     Run the tests
33    bench       Run the benchmarks
34    update      Update dependencies listed in Cargo.lock
35    search      Search registry for crates
36    publish     Package and upload this package to the registry
37    install     Install a Rust binary
38    uninstall   Uninstall a Rust binary
39    ...         See all commands with --list
40
41See 'cargo help <command>' for more information on a specific command.

1cargo new foo
2    Creating binary (application) `foo` package
3note: see more `Cargo.toml` keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

1tree foo
2foo
3├── Cargo.toml
4└── src
5    └── main.rs
6
72 directories, 2 files

1cd foo
2cargo run
3   Compiling foo v0.1.0
4    Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 4.53s
5     Running `target/debug/foo`
6Hello, world!

1cargo new bar --lib
2    Creating library `bar` package
3note: see more `Cargo.toml` keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

1tree bar
2bar
3├── Cargo.toml
4└── src
5    └── lib.rs
6
72 directories, 2 files

 1cd bar
 2   Compiling bar v0.1.0
 3    Finished `test` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 1.69s
 4     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/bar-7f4163e6e3d09c52)
 5
 6running 1 test
 7test tests::it_works ... ok
 8
 9test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s
10
11   Doc-tests bar
12
13running 0 tests
14
15test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

 1rustup show
 2Default host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
 3rustup home:  ~/.rustup
 4
 5installed targets for active toolchain
 6--------------------------------------
 7
 8wasm32-unknown-unknown
 9x86_64-apple-darwin
10x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
11
12active toolchain
13----------------
14
15stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (default)
16rustc 1.83.0 (90b35a623 2024-11-26)

1rustup toolchain list
2stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (default)

1rustup toolchain install nightly
2
3rustup toolchain list
4stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (default)
5nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

1cargo +nightly test
2
3cargo +nightly version
4cargo 1.85.0-nightly (c86f4b3a1 2024-12-24)
5
6cargo version
7cargo 1.83.0 (5ffbef321 2024-10-29)

1rustup toolchain install 1.82.0
2
3rustup toolchain list
4stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (default)
5nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
61.82.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

1cargo +1.82.0 version
2cargo 1.82.0 (8f40fc59f 2024-08-21)

1rustup override set 1.82.0
2info: override toolchain for 'bar' set to '1.82.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
3
4cargo version
5cargo 1.82.0 (8f40fc59f 2024-08-21)

1rustup override unset
2cargo version
3info: override toolchain for 'bar' removed
4cargo 1.83.0 (5ffbef321 2024-10-29)

1cargo add rand

1[dependencies]
2rand = "0.8.5"

1[features]
2# 定义一个名为webp的feature，该特性不会启用任何其他features。
3webp = []

1// 这会有条件地包含一个实现webp支持的模块。即根据feature进行条件编译
2#[cfg(feature = "webp")]
3pub mod webp;

1[features]
2bmp = []
3png = []
4ico = ["bmp", "png"]
5webp = []

1cargo build --features "bmp png"

1[features]
2default = ["ico", "webp"]
3bmp = []
4png = []
5ico = ["bmp", "png"]
6webp = []

1[dependencies]
2gif = { version = "0.11.1", optional = true }

1[features]
2gif = ["dep:gif"]

1[dependencies]
2ravif = { version = "0.6.3", optional = true }
3rgb = { version = "0.8.25", optional = true }
4
5[features]
6avif = ["dep:ravif", "dep:rgb"]

1[dependencies]
2# 为serde启用derive特性
3serde = { version = "1.0.118", features = ["derive"] }

1[dependencies]
2flate2 = { version = "1.0.3", default-features = false, features = ["zlib"] }

1[dependencies]
2jpeg-decoder = { version = "0.1.20", default-features = false }
3
4[features]
5# Enables parallel processing support by enabling the "rayon" feature of jpeg-decoder.
6parallel = ["jpeg-decoder/rayon"]

1[dependencies]
2serde = { version = "1.0.133", optional = true }
3rgb = { version = "0.8.25", optional = true }
4
5[features]
6serde = ["dep:serde", "rgb?/serde"]

1// Example custom build script.
2fn main() {
3    // Tell Cargo that if the given file changes, to rerun this build script.
4    println!("cargo::rerun-if-changed=src/hello.c");
5    // Use the `cc` crate to build a C file and statically link it.
6    cc::Build::new()
7        .file("src/hello.c")
8        .compile("hello");
9}