Jenkins Pipeline支持两种语法，一种Declarative Pipeline(声明式)，一种Scripted Pipeline(脚本式)。 声明式的Pipeline限制用户使用严格的预选定义的结构，是一种声明式的编程模型，对比脚本式的Pipeline学习起来更加简单；脚本式的Pipeline限制比较少，结构和语法的限制由Groovy本身决定，是一种命令式的编程模型。

关于Pipeline的语法在编写Pipeline的过程中，查看这里Pipeline Syntax就够了。

编写第一个Declarative Pipeline:

 1pipeline {
 2    agent { label 'jenkins-slave' }
 3    stages {
 4        stage('build') {
 5            steps {
 6                sh 'echo hello'
 7            }
 8        }
 9    }
10}

运行多个Step的Pipeline：

 1pipeline {
 2    agent { label 'jenkins-slave' }
 3    stages {
 4        stage('build') {
 5            steps {
 6                sh 'echo step1'
 7                sh '''
 8                    echo step2-1
 9                    echo step2-2
10                '''
11            }
12        }
13    }
14}

retry和timeout wrap step:

 1pipeline {
 2    agent { label 'jenkins-slave' }
 3    stages {
 4        stage('build') {
 5            steps {
 6                retry(3) {
 7                    sh 'echo deploy' 
 8                }
 9                timeout(time: 5, unit: 'SECONDS') {
10                    sh 'echo healthcheck'
11                    sh 'sleep 4'
12                }
13            }
14        }
15    }
16}

post完成：

 1pipeline {
 2    agent { label 'jenkins-slave' }
 3    stages {
 4        stage('Test') {
 5            steps {
 6                sh 'echo "Fail!"; exit 1'
 7            }
 8        }
 9    }
10    post {
11        always {
12            echo 'This will always run'
13        }
14        success {
15            echo 'This will run only if successful'
16        }
17        failure {
18            echo 'This will run only if failed'
19        }
20        unstable {
21            echo 'This will run only if the run was marked as unstable'
22        }
23        changed {
24            echo 'This will run only if the state of the Pipeline has changed'
25            echo 'For example, if the Pipeline was previously failing but is now successful'
26        }
27    }
28}

设置环境变量：

 1pipeline {
 2    agent { label 'jenkins-slave' }
 3
 4    environment {
 5        DISABLE_AUTH = 'true'
 6        DB_ENGINE    = 'sqlite'
 7    }
 8
 9    stages {
10        stage('Build') {
11            steps {
12                sh 'printenv'
13            }
14        }
15    }
16}

将credentials设置为环境变量值：

 1pipeline {
 2    agent { label 'jenkins-slave' }
 3
 4    environment {
 5        SONAR_LOGIN = credentials('sonarLogin')
 6    }
 7
 8    stages {
 9        stage('Build') {
10            steps {
11                sh 'printenv'
12            }
13        }
14    }
15}

清理和通知：

 1pipeline {
 2    agent { label 'jenkins-slave' }
 3    stages {
 4        stage('build') {
 5            steps {
 6                timeout(time: 1, unit: 'SECONDS') {
 7                    sh 'sleep 2'
 8                }
 9            }
10        }
11    }
12    post {
13        failure {
14            mail to: '[email protected]',
15             subject: "Failed Pipeline: ${currentBuild.fullDisplayName}",
16             body: "Something is wrong with ${env.BUILD_URL}"
17        }
18    }
19}

参考