使用kubeadm部署Kubernetes 1.23
kubeadm是Kubernetes官方提供的用于快速安部署Kubernetes集群的工具，伴随Kubernetes每个版本的发布都会同步更新，kubeadm会对集群配置方面的一些实践做调整，通过实验kubeadm可以学习到Kubernetes官方在集群配置上一些新的最佳实践。
1.准备
1.1 系统配置
在安装之前，需要先做好如下准备。3台CentOS 7.9主机如下：
1cat /etc/hosts
2192.168.96.151 node1
3192.168.96.152 node2
4192.168.96.153 node3
在各个主机上完成下面的系统配置。
如果各个主机启用了防火墙策略，需要开放Kubernetes各个组件所需要的端口，可以查看Installing kubeadm中的"Check required ports"一节开放相关端口或者关闭主机的防火墙。
禁用SELINUX：
1setenforce 0
1vi /etc/selinux/config
2SELINUX=disabled
创建/etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf配置文件:
1cat << EOF > /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
2overlay
3br_netfilter
4EOF
执行以下命令使配置生效:
1modprobe overlay
2modprobe br_netfilter
创建/etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf配置文件：
1cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
2net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
3net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
4net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
5user.max_user_namespaces=28633
6EOF
执行以下命令使配置生效:
1sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
1.2 配置服务器支持开启ipvs的前提条件
由于ipvs已经加入到了内核的主干，所以为kube-proxy开启ipvs的前提需要加载以下的内核模块：
1ip_vs
2ip_vs_rr
3ip_vs_wrr
4ip_vs_sh
5nf_conntrack_ipv4
在各个服务器节点上执行以下脚本:
1cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
2#!/bin/bash
3modprobe -- ip_vs
4modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
5modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
6modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
7modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
8EOF
9chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
上面脚本创建了的/etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules文件，保证在节点重启后能自动加载所需模块。 使用lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4命令查看是否已经正确加载所需的内核模块。
接下来还需要确保各个节点上已经安装了ipset软件包，为了便于查看ipvs的代理规则，最好安装一下管理工具ipvsadm。
1yum install -y ipset ipvsadm
如果以上前提条件如果不满足，则即使kube-proxy的配置开启了ipvs模式，也会退回到iptables模式。
1.3 部署容器运行时Containerd
在各个服务器节点上安装容器运行时Containerd。
下载Containerd的二进制包:
1wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.5.8/cri-containerd-cni-1.5.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cri-containerd-cni-1.5.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz压缩包中已经按照官方二进制部署推荐的目录结构布局好。
里面包含了systemd配置文件，containerd以及cni的部署文件。
将解压缩到系统的根目录/中:
1tar -zxvf cri-containerd-cni-1.5.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /
2
3etc/
4etc/systemd/
5etc/systemd/system/
6etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
7etc/crictl.yaml
8etc/cni/
9etc/cni/net.d/
10etc/cni/net.d/10-containerd-net.conflist
11usr/
12usr/local/
13usr/local/sbin/
14usr/local/sbin/runc
15usr/local/bin/
16usr/local/bin/critest
17usr/local/bin/containerd-shim
18usr/local/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v1
19usr/local/bin/ctd-decoder
20usr/local/bin/containerd
21usr/local/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2
22usr/local/bin/containerd-stress
23usr/local/bin/ctr
24usr/local/bin/crictl
25......
26opt/cni/
27opt/cni/bin/
28opt/cni/bin/bridge
29......
注意经测试cri-containerd-cni-1.5.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz包中包含的runc在CentOS 7下的动态链接有问题，这里从runc的github上单独下载runc，并替换上面安装的containerd中的runc:
1wget https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.1.0-rc.1/runc.amd64
接下来生成containerd的配置文件:
1mkdir -p /etc/containerd
2containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
根据文档Container runtimes 中的内容，对于使用systemd作为init system的Linux的发行版，使用systemd作为容器的cgroup driver可以确保服务器节点在资源紧张的情况更加稳定，因此这里配置各个节点上containerd的cgroup driver为systemd。
修改前面生成的配置文件/etc/containerd/config.toml：
1[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
2 ...
3 [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
4 SystemdCgroup = true
再修改/etc/containerd/config.toml中的
1[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
2 ...
3 # sandbox_image = "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.5"
4 sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"
配置containerd开机启动，并启动containerd
1systemctl enable containerd --now
使用crictl测试一下，确保可以打印出版本信息并且没有错误信息输出:
1crictl version
2Version: 0.1.0
3RuntimeName: containerd
4RuntimeVersion: v1.5.8
5RuntimeApiVersion: v1alpha2
2.使用kubeadm部署Kubernetes
2.1 安装kubeadm和kubelet
下面在各节点安装kubeadm和kubelet：
1cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
2[kubernetes]
3name=Kubernetes
4baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
5enabled=1
6gpgcheck=1
7repo_gpgcheck=1
8gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
9 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
10EOF
1yum makecache fast
2yum install kubelet kubeadm kubectl
运行kubelet --help可以看到原来kubelet的绝大多数命令行flag参数都被DEPRECATED了，官方推荐我们使用--config指定配置文件，并在配置文件中指定原来这些flag所配置的内容。具体内容可以查看这里Set Kubelet parameters via a config file。这也是Kubernetes为了支持动态Kubelet配置（Dynamic Kubelet Configuration）才这么做的，参考Reconfigure a Node’s Kubelet in a Live Cluster。
kubelet的配置文件必须是json或yaml格式，具体可查看这里。
Kubernetes 1.8开始要求关闭系统的Swap，如果不关闭，默认配置下kubelet将无法启动。 关闭系统的Swap方法如下:
1swapoff -a
修改 /etc/fstab 文件，注释掉 SWAP 的自动挂载，使用free -m确认swap已经关闭。
swappiness参数调整，修改/etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf添加下面一行：
1vm.swappiness=0
执行sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf使修改生效。
2.2 使用kubeadm init初始化集群
在各节点开机启动kubelet服务：
1systemctl enable kubelet.service
使用kubeadm config print init-defaults --component-configs KubeletConfiguration可以打印集群初始化默认的使用的配置：
1apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
2bootstrapTokens:
3- groups:
4 - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
5 token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
6 ttl: 24h0m0s
7 usages:
8 - signing
9 - authentication
10kind: InitConfiguration
11localAPIEndpoint:
12 advertiseAddress: 1.2.3.4
13 bindPort: 6443
14nodeRegistration:
15 criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
16 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
17 name: node
18 taints: null
19---
20apiServer:
21 timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
22apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
23certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
24clusterName: kubernetes
25controllerManager: {}
26dns: {}
27etcd:
28 local:
29 dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
30imageRepository: k8s.gcr.io
31kind: ClusterConfiguration
32kubernetesVersion: 1.23.0
33networking:
34 dnsDomain: cluster.local
35 serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
36scheduler: {}
37---
38apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
39authentication:
40 anonymous:
41 enabled: false
42 webhook:
43 cacheTTL: 0s
44 enabled: true
45 x509:
46 clientCAFile: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt
47authorization:
48 mode: Webhook
49 webhook:
50 cacheAuthorizedTTL: 0s
51 cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 0s
52cgroupDriver: systemd
53clusterDNS:
54- 10.96.0.10
55clusterDomain: cluster.local
56cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 0s
57evictionPressureTransitionPeriod: 0s
58fileCheckFrequency: 0s
59healthzBindAddress: 127.0.0.1
60healthzPort: 10248
61httpCheckFrequency: 0s
62imageMinimumGCAge: 0s
63kind: KubeletConfiguration
64logging:
65 flushFrequency: 0
66 options:
67 json:
68 infoBufferSize: "0"
69 verbosity: 0
70memorySwap: {}
71nodeStatusReportFrequency: 0s
72nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 0s
73rotateCertificates: true
74runtimeRequestTimeout: 0s
75shutdownGracePeriod: 0s
76shutdownGracePeriodCriticalPods: 0s
77staticPodPath: /etc/kubernetes/manifests
78streamingConnectionIdleTimeout: 0s
79syncFrequency: 0s
80volumeStatsAggPeriod: 0s
从默认的配置中可以看到，可以使用imageRepository定制在集群初始化时拉取k8s所需镜像的地址。基于默认配置定制出本次使用kubeadm初始化集群所需的配置文件kubeadm.yaml：
1apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
2kind: InitConfiguration
3localAPIEndpoint:
4 advertiseAddress: 192.168.96.151
5 bindPort: 6443
6nodeRegistration:
7 criSocket: /run/containerd/containerd.sock
8 taints:
9 - effect: PreferNoSchedule
10 key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
11---
12apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
13kind: ClusterConfiguration
14kubernetesVersion: v1.23.0
15imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
16networking:
17 podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
18---
19apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
20kind: KubeletConfiguration
21cgroupDriver: systemd
22failSwapOn: false
23---
24apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
25kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
26mode: ipvs
这里定制了imageRepository为阿里云的registry，避免因gcr被墙，无法直接拉取镜像。criSocket设置了容器运行时为containerd。
同时设置kubelet的cgroupDriver为systemd，设置kube-proxy代理模式为ipvs。
在开始初始化集群之前可以使用kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm.yaml预先在各个服务器节点上拉取所k8s需要的容器镜像。
1kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm.yaml
2[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.23.1
3[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.23.1
4[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.23.1
5[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.23.1
6[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6
7[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.1-0
8[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.6
接下来使用kubeadm初始化集群，选择node1作为Master Node，在node1上执行下面的命令：
1kubeadm init --config kubeadm.yaml
2[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.23.1
3[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
4[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
5[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
6[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
7[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
8[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
9[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
10[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local node1] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.96.151]
11[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
12[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
13[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
14[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
15[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
16[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost node1] and IPs [192.168.96.151 127.0.0.1 ::1]
17[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
18[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost node1] and IPs [192.168.96.151 127.0.0.1 ::1]
19[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
20[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
21[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
22[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
23[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
24[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
25[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
26[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
27[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
28[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
29[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
30[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
31[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
32[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
33[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
34[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
35[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
36[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 16.003580 seconds
37[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
38[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.23" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
39NOTE: The "kubelet-config-1.23" naming of the kubelet ConfigMap is deprecated. Once the UnversionedKubeletConfigMap feature gate graduates to Beta the default name will become just "kubelet-config". Kubeadm upgrade will handle this transition transparently.
40[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
41[mark-control-plane] Marking the node node1 as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/master(deprecated) node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
42[mark-control-plane] Marking the node node1 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:PreferNoSchedule]
43[bootstrap-token] Using token: o7d0h6.i9taufdl7u1un4va
44[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
45[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
46[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
47[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
48[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
49[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
50[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
51[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
52[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
53
54Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
55
56To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
57
58 mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
59 sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
60 sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
61
62Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
63
64 export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
65
66You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
67Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
68 https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
69
70Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
71
72kubeadm join 192.168.96.151:6443 --token o7d0h6.i9taufdl7u1un4va \
73 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6c55b14e9d71ef098ad0e8f249d85004c41b48063dbcd7692997930f9637f22b
上面记录了完成的初始化输出的内容，根据输出的内容基本上可以看出手动初始化安装一个Kubernetes集群所需要的关键步骤。 其中有以下关键内容：
[certs]生成相关的各种证书[kubeconfig]生成相关的kubeconfig文件[kubelet-start]生成kubelet的配置文件"/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"[control-plane]使用/etc/kubernetes/manifests目录中的yaml文件创建apiserver、controller-manager、scheduler的静态pod[bootstraptoken]生成token记录下来，后边使用kubeadm join往集群中添加节点时会用到- 下面的命令是配置常规用户如何使用kubectl访问集群：
1mkdir -p $HOME/.kube 2sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config 3sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config - 最后给出了将节点加入集群的命令
kubeadm join 192.168.96.151:6443 --token o7d0h6.i9taufdl7u1un4va \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6c55b14e9d71ef098ad0e8f249d85004c41b48063dbcd7692997930f9637f22b
查看一下集群状态，确认个组件都处于healthy状态，结果出现了错误:
1kubectl get cs
2Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
3NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
4controller-manager Unhealthy Get "http://127.0.0.1:10252/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10252: connect: connection refused
5scheduler Unhealthy Get "http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: connect: connection refused
6etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
controller-manager和scheduler为不健康状态，修改/etc/kubernetes/manifests/下的静态pod配置文件kube-controller-manager.yaml和kube-scheduler.yaml，删除这两个文件中命令选项中的- --port=0这行，重启kubelet，再次查看一切正常。
1kubectl get cs
2Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
3NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
4scheduler Healthy ok
5controller-manager Healthy ok
6etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true","reason":""}
集群初始化如果遇到问题，可以使用kubeadm reset命令进行清理。
2.3 安装包管理器helm 3
Helm是Kubernetes的包管理器，后续流程也将使用Helm安装Kubernetes的常用组件。 这里先在master节点node1上按照helm。
1wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.7.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
2tar -zxvf helm-v3.7.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
3mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin/
执行helm list确认没有错误输出。
2.4 部署Pod Network组件Calico
选择calico作为k8s的Pod网络组件，下面使用helm在k8s集群中按照calico。
下载tigera-operator的helm chart:
1wget https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/releases/download/v3.21.2/tigera-operator-v3.21.2-1.tgz
查看这个chart的中可定制的配置:
1helm show values tigera-operator-v3.21.2-1.tgz
2
3imagePullSecrets: {}
4
5installation:
6 enabled: true
7 kubernetesProvider: ""
8
9apiServer:
10 enabled: true
11
12certs:
13 node:
14 key:
15 cert:
16 commonName:
17 typha:
18 key:
19 cert:
20 commonName:
21 caBundle:
22
23# Configuration for the tigera operator
24tigeraOperator:
25 image: tigera/operator
26 version: v1.23.3
27 registry: quay.io
28calicoctl:
29 image: quay.io/docker.io/calico/ctl
30 tag: v3.21.2
定制的values.yaml如下:
1# 可针对上面的配置进行定制,例如calico的镜像改成从私有库拉取。
2# 这里只是个人本地环境测试k8s新版本，因此保留value.yaml为空即可
使用helm安装calico：
1helm install calico tigera-operator-v3.21.2-1.tgz -f values.yaml
等待并确认所有pod处于Running状态:
1watch kubectl get pods -n calico-system
2NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
3calico-kube-controllers-7f58dbcbbd-kdnlg 1/1 Running 0 2m34s
4calico-node-nv794 1/1 Running 0 2m34s
5calico-typha-65f579bc5d-4pbfz 1/1 Running 0 2m34s
查看一下calico向k8s中添加的api资源:
1kubectl api-resources | grep calico
2bgpconfigurations crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false BGPConfiguration
3bgppeers crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false BGPPeer
4blockaffinities crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false BlockAffinity
5caliconodestatuses crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false CalicoNodeStatus
6clusterinformations crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false ClusterInformation
7felixconfigurations crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false FelixConfiguration
8globalnetworkpolicies crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false GlobalNetworkPolicy
9globalnetworksets crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false GlobalNetworkSet
10hostendpoints crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false HostEndpoint
11ipamblocks crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false IPAMBlock
12ipamconfigs crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false IPAMConfig
13ipamhandles crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false IPAMHandle
14ippools crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false IPPool
15ipreservations crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false IPReservation
16kubecontrollersconfigurations crd.projectcalico.org/v1 false KubeControllersConfiguration
17networkpolicies crd.projectcalico.org/v1 true NetworkPolicy
18networksets crd.projectcalico.org/v1 true NetworkSet
这些api资源是属于calico的，因此不建议使用kubectl来管理，推荐按照calicoctl来管理这些api资源。 将calicoctl安装为kubectl的插件:
1cd /usr/local/bin
2curl -o kubectl-calico -O -L "https://github.com/projectcalico/calicoctl/releases/download/v3.21.2/calicoctl"
3chmod +x kubectl-calico
验证插件正常工作:
1kubectl calico -h
2.5 验证k8s DNS是否可用
1kubectl run curl --image=radial/busyboxplus:curl -it
2If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
3[ root@curl:/ ]$
进入后执行nslookup kubernetes.default确认解析正常:
1nslookup kubernetes.default
2Server: 10.96.0.10
3Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
4
5Name: kubernetes.default
6Address 1: 10.96.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
2.6 向Kubernetes集群中添加Node节点
下面将node2, node3添加到Kubernetes集群中，分别在node2, node3上执行:
1kubeadm join 192.168.96.151:6443 --token o7d0h6.i9taufdl7u1un4va \
2 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6c55b14e9d71ef098ad0e8f249d85004c41b48063dbcd7692997930f9637f22b
node2和node3加入集群很是顺利，在master节点上执行命令查看集群中的节点：
1kubectl get node
2NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
3node1 Ready control-plane,master 29m v1.23.1
4node2 Ready <none> 5m28s v1.23.1
5node3 Ready <none> 5m4s v1.23.1
3.Kubernetes常用组件部署
3.1 使用Helm部署ingress-nginx
为了便于将集群中的服务暴露到集群外部，需要使用Ingress。接下来使用Helm将ingress-nginx部署到Kubernetes上。 Nginx Ingress Controller被部署在Kubernetes的边缘节点上。
这里将node1(192.168.96.151)作为边缘节点，打上Label：
1kubectl label node node1 node-role.kubernetes.io/edge=
下载ingress-nginx的helm chart:
1wget https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/releases/download/helm-chart-4.0.13/ingress-nginx-4.0.13.tgz
查看ingress-nginx-4.0.13.tgz这个chart的可定制配置:
1helm show values ingress-nginx-4.0.13.tgz
对values.yaml配置定制如下:
1controller:
2 ingressClassResource:
3 name: nginx
4 enabled: true
5 default: true
6 controllerValue: "k8s.io/ingress-nginx"
7 admissionWebhooks:
8 enabled: false
9 replicaCount: 1
10 image:
11 # registry: k8s.gcr.io
12 # image: ingress-nginx/controller
13 # tag: "v1.1.0"
14 registry: docker.io
15 image: unreachableg/k8s.gcr.io_ingress-nginx_controller
16 tag: "v1.1.0"
17 digest: sha256:4f5df867e9367f76acfc39a0f85487dc63526e27735fa82fc57d6a652bafbbf6
18 hostNetwork: true
19 nodeSelector:
20 node-role.kubernetes.io/edge: ''
21 affinity:
22 podAntiAffinity:
23 requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
24 - labelSelector:
25 matchExpressions:
26 - key: app
27 operator: In
28 values:
29 - nginx-ingress
30 - key: component
31 operator: In
32 values:
33 - controller
34 topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
35 tolerations:
36 - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
37 operator: Exists
38 effect: NoSchedule
39 - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
40 operator: Exists
41 effect: PreferNoSchedule
nginx ingress controller的副本数replicaCount为1，将被调度到node1这个边缘节点上。这里并没有指定nginx ingress controller service的externalIPs，而是通过hostNetwork: true设置nginx ingress controller使用宿主机网络。
因为k8s.gcr.io被墙，这里替换成unreachableg/k8s.gcr.io_ingress-nginx_controller提前拉取一下镜像:
1crictl pull unreachableg/k8s.gcr.io_ingress-nginx_controller:v1.1.0
1helm install ingress-nginx ingress-nginx-4.0.13.tgz --create-namespace -n ingress-nginx -f values.yaml
1kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx
2NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
3ingress-nginx-controller-7f574989bc-xwbf4 1/1 Running 0 117s
测试访问http://192.168.96.151返回默认的nginx 404页，则部署完成。
3.2 使用Helm部署dashboard
先部署metrics-server：
1wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/download/v0.5.2/components.yaml
修改components.yaml中的image为docker.io/unreachableg/k8s.gcr.io_metrics-server_metrics-server:v0.5.2。
修改components.yaml中容器的启动参数，加入--kubelet-insecure-tls。
1kubectl apply -f components.yaml
metrics-server的pod正常启动后，等一段时间就可以使用kubectl top查看集群和pod的metrics信息:
1kubectl top node --use-protocol-buffers=true
2NAME CPU(cores) CPU% MEMORY(bytes) MEMORY%
3node1 219m 5% 3013Mi 39%
4node2 102m 2% 1576Mi 20%
5node3 110m 2% 1696Mi 21%
6
7kubectl top pod -n kube-system --use-protocol-buffers=true
8NAME CPU(cores) MEMORY(bytes)
9coredns-59d64cd4d4-9mclj 4m 17Mi
10coredns-59d64cd4d4-fj7xr 4m 17Mi
11etcd-node1 25m 154Mi
12kube-apiserver-node1 80m 465Mi
13kube-controller-manager-node1 17m 61Mi
14kube-proxy-hhlhc 1m 21Mi
15kube-proxy-nrhq7 1m 19Mi
16kube-proxy-phmrw 1m 17Mi
17kube-scheduler-node1 4m 24Mi
18kubernetes-dashboard-5cb95fd47f-6lfnm 3m 36Mi
19metrics-server-9ddcc8ddf-jvlzs 5m 21Mi
接下来使用helm部署k8s的dashboard，添加chart repo:
1helm repo add kubernetes-dashboard https://kubernetes.github.io/dashboard/
2helm repo update
查看chart的可定制配置:
1helm show values kubernetes-dashboard/kubernetes-dashboard
对value.yaml定制配置如下:
1image:
2 repository: kubernetesui/dashboard
3 tag: v2.4.0
4ingress:
5 enabled: true
6 annotations:
7 nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true"
8 nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "HTTPS"
9 hosts:
10 - k8s.example.com
11 tls:
12 - secretName: example-com-tls-secret
13 hosts:
14 - k8s.example.com
15metricsScraper:
16 enabled: true
先创建存放k8s.example.comssl证书的secret:
1kubectl create secret tls example-com-tls-secret \
2 --cert=cert.pem \
3 --key=key.pem \
4 -n kube-system
使用helm部署dashboard:
1helm install kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard/kubernetes-dashboard \
2-n kube-system \
3-f values.yaml
确认上面的命令部署成功。
创建管理员sa:
1kubectl create serviceaccount kube-dashboard-admin-sa -n kube-system
2
3kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-dashboard-admin-sa \
4--clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:kube-dashboard-admin-sa
获取集群管理员登录dashboard所需token:
1kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep kube-dashboard-admin-sa-token
2kube-dashboard-admin-sa-token-rcwlb kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 68s
3
4kubectl describe -n kube-system secret/kube-dashboard-admin-sa-token-rcwlb
5Name: kube-dashboard-admin-sa-token-rcwlb
6Namespace: kube-system
7Labels: <none>
8Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: kube-dashboard-admin-sa
9 kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: fcdf27f6-f6f9-4f76-b64e-edc91fb1479b
10
11Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
12
13Data
14====
15namespace: 11 bytes
16token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkYxWTd5aDdzYWsyeWJVMFliUUhJMXI4YWtMZFd4dGFDT1N4eEZoam9HLUEifQ.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.R3l19_Nal4B2EktKFSJ7CgOqAngG_MTgzHRRjWdREN7dLALyfiRXYIgZQ90hxM-a9z2sPXBzfJno4OGP4fPX33D8h_4fgxfpVLjKqjdlZ_HAks_6sV9PBzDNXb_loNW8ECfsleDgn6CZin8Vx1w7sgkoEIKq0H-iZ8V9pRV0fTuOZcB-70pV_JX6H6WBEOgRIAZswhAoyUMvH1qNl47J5xBNwKRgcqP57NCIODo6FiClxfY3MWo2vz44R5wYCuBJJ70p6aBWixjDSxnp5u9mUP0zMF_igICl_OfgKuPyaeuIL83U8dS5ovEwPPGzX5mHUgaPH7JLZmKRNXJqLhTweA
17ca.crt: 1066 bytes
使用上面的token登录k8s dashboard。
